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Published in
Academic Frontiers
Error Analysis on Persuasive Essays of Grade 12 Students: Basis for Crafting a Grammar Review Material
ACADEMIC FRONTIERS Multidisciplinary e-Publication, 1(7), 43-53, ISSN: 3082-4400, 2025.
Recommended Citation:
Cader, O. I. (2025). Error Analysis on Persuasive Essays of Grade 12 Students: Basis for Crafting a Grammar Review Material. ACADEMIC FRONTIERS Multidisciplinary e-Publication, 1(7), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17762464
Author(s)
Cader, Omerah I.
Abstract
Grammatical competence is essential in developing students’ writing skills, particularly in producing academic texts such as persuasive essays. This study examined the grammatical errors found in the persuasive essays of 67 Grade 12 students at MSU–Saguiaran Community High School to identify, classify, and analyze the errors, determine their sources, and develop a grammar review material responsive to the students’ needs. Employing a quantitative-descriptive design, the study used a validated essay task, a checklist, and an error log. Errors were analyzed using frequency and percentage, and categorized by type and source. Results revealed that capitalization errors were the most common (30%), followed by word choice (15.47%), subject-verb agreement (15.09%), punctuation (14.72%), and verb tense (10.75%). Less frequent but notable errors were on pronoun-antecedent agreement, articles, word order, and spelling. Omission was the most prevalent error type, followed by misformation, addition, and misordering. Intralingual errors comprised 93.21% of all errors, while interlingual errors accounted for 6.79%. Based on these findings, a grammar review material was developed to address the most problematic areas. The study concludes that, despite prior instruction, students continue to struggle with grammatical accuracy in their persuasive essays, underscoring the need for more targeted grammar interventions. It is recommended that the developed material be integrated into remedial or review classes and piloted for evaluation, with further research exploring its long-term impact and broader applicability.
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