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Published in
Academic Frontiers
Perception of Kalesa Owners Regarding the Welfare Status of Kalesa Horses (Equus caballus) in Iligan City, Philippines
ACADEMIC FRONTIERS Multidisciplinary e-Publication, 1(8), 79-96, ISSN: 3082-4400, 2025.
Recommended Citation:
Guliman, J. G., & Villanueva, J. J. O. (2025). Perception of Kalesa Owners Regarding the Welfare Status of Kalesa Horses (Equus caballus) in Iligan City, Philippines. ACADEMIC FRONTIERS Multidisciplinary e-Publication, 1(8), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18080422
Author(s)
Guliman et al.
Abstract
This study aimed to gather baseline data on Kalesa owners' perceptions of horse welfare in Barangay Tambacan, Iligan City, Philippines. Employing a descriptive-correlational design, thirty (30) Kalesa owners were interviewed using a self-assisted questionnaire to assess key welfare indicators such as body condition, injuries, behavioral stress, and management practices. Findings revealed that most horses exhibited moderate body condition, minor injuries, and mild levels of stress, suggesting an acceptable yet suboptimal welfare status. Although owners demonstrated basic knowledge of horse care, deficiencies were evident in providing proper bedding, ensuring adequate hydration during work hours, and preferring traditional remedies over professional veterinary treatments. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between socio-demographic profiles and welfare status or perception. However, longer working hours were significantly correlated with a higher incidence of injuries. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for educational outreach programs, improved veterinary access, and the establishment of evidence-based care guidelines to enhance the overall welfare of working horses in the community.
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